Initiative Description: A school-based, cognitive stress management intervention program. The training involved a total of two group sessions + six individual sessions. The duration of the two group sessions was about 40 minutes, individual 30min. During the group and individual sessions, the discussion focused on identifying stress events and reconceptualizing stress in terms of recognized physiological reactions, behaviors, emotions and cognitions. Youths were taught how to identify negative, self-defeating cognitions.

Study Results: Improvement on self-report measures of trait anxiety, self esteem, depression, and trait anger.

Reference: Hains, A. A. (1994). The effectiveness of a school-based, cognitive-behavioral stress management program with adolescents reporting high and low levels of emotional arousal. The School Counselor, 42(2), 114-152.

Level of Evidence: Good